Embedded System Design - Chapter 4: Hardware design for an embedded system

Nội dung text: Embedded System Design - Chapter 4: Hardware design for an embedded system

1. 8/9/2016 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA TP.HỒ CHÍ MINH TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA KHOA ĐIỆN-ĐIỆN TỬ BỘ MÔN KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ Embedded System Design Chapter 4: Hardware design for an embedded system 1. Hardware components 2. Design block diagrams 3. Design detail schematics 4. Hardware Design Deployment 1 1. Hardware components 1. Microprocessors/Microcontrollers – 8/16/32‐bit microcontroller: PICs, ARMs – DSP 2. Peripherals – Input devices: button, switch, keyboard, mouse, touch‐screen – Display devices: LED, text LCD, graphic LCD – Sensors: temperature, humidity, light, motion – Actuators: motor, solenoid, relay, FET, triac, SCR – Interfaces: UART, USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet, Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee 3. Clock / reset circuits 4. Power supply – AC/DC adapters – Battery Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 2 1
2. 8/9/2016 1. Hardware components • Peripherals – Input devices: button, switch, keyboard, mouse, touch‐screen – Display devices: LED, text LCD, graphic LCD – Sensors: temperature, humidity, light, motion – Actuators: motor, solenoid, relay, FET, triac, SCR – Interfaces: UART, USB, I2C, SPI, Ethernet, Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee Display device: LCD Input device: keypad Interface: UART Actuator: relay Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 5 1. Hardware components • Clock / reset circuits – Clock circuits: provide clock signal for microcontrollers C1 XTAL1 22p 20M CRYSTAL C2 XTAL2 22p On-chip oscillator Off-chip oscillator (a) Crystal oscillator (b) RC oscillator Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 6 3
3. 8/9/2016 1. Hardware components • Power supply – Switching power supply A simple switching power supply using LM2576 Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 9 1. Hardware components • Power supply – Battery Simple 5VDC battery power supply 12VDC battery backup power supply Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 10 5
4. 8/9/2016 2. Design block diagram • Block diagram – Is a diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of the blocks – Use to model the system graphically and show the relationships in the process. – presents a quick overview of major process steps and key process participants, as well as the relationships and interfaces. Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 13 2. Design block diagram • Hardware block diagram – Use a rectangle for a hardware block – Use an arrow for a connection One way One way Two ways Two ways Multiple ways Single connection Multiple connections Curve connection Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 14 7
5. 8/9/2016 2. Design block diagram • Recommendations 1. CPU block is at the center 2. Sensor/input blocks are at the left side 3. Actuator blocks are at the right side 4. User interface blocks are at the top 5. Memory/ database/ blocks are at the bottom 6. Use different colors for differently functional blocks 7. Use symbols for special blocks • Exceptions – Not enough space – Special systems such as SoC, NoC – Complex systems Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 17 Hardware block diagram –Example 1 • Poor example Temperature PIC Buttons sensor Microcontroller Heater – No block diagram name – Wrong direction of connection – Problem of single / multiple connections – No data type of connections Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 18 9
6. 8/9/2016 3. Design detail schematics • Schematic components: – Information table – Extra information • Title • Explanation of operations • Description • Parameters • Author • Acronyms • Date • Revision – Schematic circuit • ICs • Devices • Connections Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 21 3. Design detail schematics –Example 1 EPE PIC/LCD DEMO C1 LCD1 X1 PG12864F VDD 4MHz This circuit is taken from John Becker's article in the February 2001 edition 10p of Everyday/Practical Electronics and is reproduced with their permission. C2 It is an excellent demonstration of how Proteus VSM can be used to carry out experiments with microprocessors and their peripherals without the need to D1 assemble the physical hardware. 10p 1N4148 R3 U1 10k 13 33 OSC1/CLKIN RB0/INT 14 34 FG VSS VDD VEE WR RD CE C/D RST D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 FS1 OSC2/CLKOUT RB1 R1 1 35 5 6 7 8 9 10k MCLR/Vpp/THV RB2 1 2 3 4 36 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 RB3/PGM 2 37 RA0/AN0 RB4 3 38 RA1/AN1 RB5 4 39 RA2/AN2/VREF- RB6/PGC 5 40 RA3/AN3/VREF+ RB7/PGD 6 VEE RA4/T0CKI VDD 7 15 RA5/AN4/SS RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI 16 R2 RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 8 17 RE0/AN5/RD RC2/CCP1 9 18 10k RE1/AN6/WR RC3/SCK/SCL 10 23 RE2/AN7/CS RC4/SDI/SDA 24 RC5/SDO S1 25 RC6/TX/CK 26 RC7/RX/DT 19 D2 RD0/PSP0 20 RD1/PSP1 21 RD2/PSP2 22 RD3/PSP3 27 RD4/PSP4 28 RD5/PSP5 29 RD6/PSP6 30 RD7/PSP7 PIC16F877 1 2 3 4 J1 CONN-H4 EPE PIC/LCD DEMO Labcenter Electronics, 53-55 Main Street, Grassington, North Yorkshire, BD23 5AA Elect roni cs Fax: +44 (0)1756 752857 Tel: +44 (0)1756 753440 Email: info@labcenter.co.ukWWW: Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 22 11
7. 8/9/2016 Team work • Draw a block diagram for your class project Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 25 4. Hardware Design Deployment • Choose options for hardware design • Example: Temperature controller Option 1 Option 2 Components Description Score Description Score Processor / PIC16F877 8ARM STM32F030 6 Microcontroller Program memory 8K Program memory 16K Temperature LM35 8 DS18B20 7 Sensor (analog output) (digital output) Display Text LCD 9 Graphic LCD 7 LCD1602 LM32019P2 TOTAL 25 19 High score: high quality, cheap price, familiar, much support from manufacture Low score: expensive, difficult to use, high power consumption, Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 26 13
8. 8/9/2016 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 1: What? • What is desired in order to reach the new service’s development? Example: Automatic light control system No. Customer’s requirements 1Long life cycle 2 Easy to charge energy 3Low power 4Low cost Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 29 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 2: How list • How are the design requirements of the product? Example: Automatic light control system No. Design requirements 1Lowpower microcontroller 2 LED light bulb 3Solar panel 4 Lithium‐ion battery Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 30 15
9. 8/9/2016 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 5: Importance level • Create a value for each relationship between client and design requirement • The personnel in charge of the system design make this evaluation. Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 33 4. Hardware Design Deployment • House of Quality: – Table 5: Importance level Design Low LED Solar Lithium requirement power light panel ‐ion micro‐ bulb battery Customer’s controller requirement Evaluator 1 Evaluator 2 Evaluator 3 What Importance Bad Average Good Long life cycle 4 SSSS X Easy to charge 1 WWSM X energy Low power 2 MSWM X Low cost 3 MMMS X Importance 52 64 Strong = 9 Medium = 3 Weak = 1 Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 34 17
10. 8/9/2016 Team work • Design House of Quality for your class project Bộ môn Kỹ Thuật ĐiệnTử Chapter 4 37 19